Aristotle
- Believed in Catharsis - we watch violent/negative images to purge suppressed emotions
Zolf Zillman
- Excitation Theory - by experiencing negative and scary imagery we intensify the positive. We enjoy seeing the negative images being vanquished
Glen D Walters
- What makes a film scary?
- Tension and Suspense - created using narrative and filming techniques
- Relevance - the fears explored are relevant to the audience. They 'believe'
- Unrealism - we know we are safe. We can experiment and explore
Creating Tension
- Subjective camera - Jeff's POV
- When the killer is returning, Jeff knows and we know but Lisa doesn't know
- We are helpless, we feel guilt
- We know the police are coming - do they get there on time?
- We do not know what they are saying
- They are slightly concealed in the killer's flat - we don't know how Lisa is handling it (how far is the killer going to go?)
- The killer realises he is being watched - what is he going to do?
Opening Scene
- Long shot - rather than tell, show
Pan and Tilt
- Residence
- Neighbourhood
- Apartments
- City/urban
- Average district
- Compact
Jeff
- Grey hair
- 40s/50s (radio talks about him indirectly)
- Mature man
- Perspiring
- Broken his leg (camera also smashed - HOW?)
- Death - RIP
- Helpless
- Photographer - sports, explosions, female fashion (negative print is shown first)
Temperature
- Thermometer
- Hot
- Summer
- Windows are open
- People moving outside
- Heat creates tension and angst
Scenario
- Morning
- Man shaving
- Radio
- Grand piano (class/status)
Dancer

- White pigeons above
- Male gaze (camera focuses on her long enough until the audience's view is forced into masculine lens)
Dead Dog Scene
- The woman is very cynical and judgemental of the neighbourhood
- Loyalty is lost, non-judgemental relationship destroyed - this creates further unease in the audience
- The only person who has the lights out is the killer
- The people are indifferent towards this scenario and it goes to demonstrate the isolation and barrier between the different lives presented
- This is the only death we actually witness in the film and it is of an animal - highlights Hitchcock's minimalistic technique of relying on audience presumption for the plot to unfold
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